An impacted tooth occurs when a tooth does not fully emerge through the gums due to lack of space, misalignment, or obstruction by other teeth. While wisdom teeth are the most commonly impacted, other teeth, such as canines, can also become trapped beneath the gums. If left untreated, an impacted tooth can cause pain, swelling, infection, and even alignment issues with surrounding teeth. Understanding the symptoms, removal process, and treatment options is essential for maintaining good oral health.
Recognizing the Symptoms of an Impacted Tooth
Some impacted teeth cause no noticeable symptoms, while others can lead to significant discomfort and oral health complications. Pain and tenderness in the jaw, gums, or surrounding teeth are common warning signs. Many patients experience swelling or redness in the gums, particularly in the back of the mouth where wisdom teeth typically emerge. Persistent bad breath or an unpleasant taste can also occur due to bacteria and food debris becoming trapped around the impacted tooth.
In some cases, an impacted tooth may contribute to jaw stiffness or difficulty opening the mouth. Headaches, ear pain, or pressure in the jaw can develop if the impacted tooth is pressing against nerves or neighboring teeth. More severe cases can lead to infections, where pus may form around the affected area, sometimes accompanied by fever. If you notice any of these symptoms, a dental evaluation is necessary to determine the best course of action.
How Impacted Teeth Are Removed
When an impacted tooth is causing pain, infection, or misalignment, a dentist or oral surgeon may recommend extraction. The procedure begins with a thorough examination, including X-rays, to assess the tooth’s position and determine whether a simple or surgical extraction is needed.
If the tooth has partially erupted, a simple extraction may be possible. The dentist numbs the area with local anesthesia before carefully removing the tooth with forceps. However, if the tooth is fully trapped beneath the gums or bone, a surgical extraction is required. In this case, an oral surgeon makes a small incision in the gum tissue to access the tooth. Sometimes, a portion of the surrounding bone must be removed, or the tooth may be sectioned into smaller pieces for easier extraction. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, though sedation options such as nitrous oxide or IV sedation may be available for patients who feel anxious or require more extensive surgery.
Recovery and Healing After an Extraction
Healing after an impacted tooth extraction depends on the complexity of the procedure and how well post-operative instructions are followed. Some discomfort and swelling are expected in the first few days, but over-the-counter or prescribed pain relievers can help manage any soreness. Applying ice packs to the outside of the cheek can reduce swelling in the first 24 hours. Resting and avoiding strenuous activities for at least a few days will help prevent excessive bleeding or complications.
Eating soft foods such as yogurt, mashed potatoes, or smoothies will prevent irritation to the extraction site. It is essential to avoid using straws or smoking, as the suction can dislodge the protective blood clot and lead to dry socket, a painful condition that delays healing. Keeping the mouth clean is also crucial, but rinsing should be done gently with warm salt water after the first 24 hours. Brushing should be done carefully, avoiding the surgical site. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days, though complete healing can take several weeks.
Treatment Options for Impacted Teeth That Are Not Removed
Not all impacted teeth require extraction. If a tooth is not causing pain or posing risks to oral health, a dentist may recommend monitoring it through regular checkups and X-rays. In cases where an impacted tooth is needed for function or aesthetics, alternative treatments may be considered.
For some patients, orthodontic treatment can be used to guide an impacted tooth into proper alignment. Braces or clear aligners may help create space for the tooth to erupt naturally. In more complex cases, an oral surgeon may expose the impacted tooth by carefully removing gum tissue or bone, allowing an orthodontist to attach a bracket and gently move the tooth into position.
Another alternative for certain impacted teeth, particularly wisdom teeth that are close to nerves, is a coronectomy. This procedure involves removing the crown of the tooth while leaving the roots intact to avoid nerve damage. It is generally considered when there is a high risk of complications from full extraction.
When to See a Dentist About an Impacted Tooth
If you suspect you have an impacted tooth, scheduling an appointment with us is the best course of action. Even if there is no pain, an impacted tooth can lead to long-term complications such as cysts, gum disease, or damage to neighboring teeth. Regular dental checkups and X-rays can detect impacted teeth early and help prevent more serious problems.
An impacted tooth can be uncomfortable and, if untreated, may lead to further dental complications. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the available treatment options can help you take the right steps toward protecting your oral health. If you are experiencing discomfort, swelling, or difficulty chewing, do not ignore the signs. A dental consultation can provide the answers and treatment necessary to ensure your smile stays healthy.
